New review evaluates efficacy and safety of obesity medications in youth

A new systematic review and network meta-analysis published in Obesity Reviews provides a detailed comparison of obesity medications approved for use in children and adolescents.

The study evaluates how well these drugs reduce body weight, improve cardiometabolic health, and whether they are safe for use in young people.

Drawing on data from 30 randomised controlled trials involving more than 3,000 participants aged 2 to 20 years, the study assesses a range of commonly prescribed medications including metformin, orlistat, liraglutide, exenatide, and phentermine/topiramate. It offers one of the most comprehensive comparisons to date of their relative benefits and side effects.

The review found that high- and moderate-dose phentermine/topiramate was the most effective treatment for reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in youth with overweight or obesity. Liraglutide and metformin also significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels compared to placebo, while orlistat showed the strongest effect on lowering diastolic blood pressure.

Importantly, the review also calls attention to evidence gaps, including limited data on long-term safety, lack of standardised outcome measures, and a need for more research in younger children and diverse populations. The study highlights the importance of careful clinical judgment, patient monitoring, and the role of combined treatment approaches.

As the global community prepares for the UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs in September, the findings underscore the growing need for safe, effective, and accessible obesity treatment options tailored to children and adolescents.