Estimated relative risks of disease per unit of BMI above 22kg/m2

Disease RR per unit BMI above BMI 22 RR per unit BMI above BMI 22 Age adjustments * (x = mulitplier of differential risk)

Smoking status adjustments *

(Never smoker = 1.0)

  Men Women    
 All cause mortality 1.07  1.03 x 0.98 from age 50
x 0.95 from age 60
x 0.90 from age 70 
inconsistent 
 Ischaemic heart disease 1.07 1.10 x 0.70 from age 65   x 2.50 for current smokers
 Stroke 1.04 1.04 x 0.75 from age 65   
 Diabetes 1.18 1.22 x 0.92 from age 65
x 0.90 from age 75
 
 COPD 1.00 1.00    
 Cancer - Lung 0.97 0.98     
 Cancer - Breast 1.00 1.00
1.02 from age 50
   
 Cancer - Oral        
 Cancer - Colorectal 1.04 1.02  x 0.90 over age 45  
 Cancer - Oesophagal (all forms combined) 1.00 1.00    
 Cancer - Oesophagal (Adenocarcinoma) 1.10 1.08    
 Cancer - Oesophagal (Squamous cell) 0.96 0.89    
 Cancer - Kidney (renal) 1.05 1.05   x 0.60 for current smokers 
 Cancer - Gallbladder 1.02 1.06 x 1.17 from age 45 men
x 0.80 from age 45 women
 
 Cancer - Womb (endometrial) --- 1.10     

 *Adjustments for age and smoking are given as mulitpliers of the differential risk from base (1.0).   Thus an adjustment mulitplier of x 0.95 applied to an RR of 1.20 would lead to an RR of 1.19
(calculated as RR' = 1 + A(RR-1) where RR is the given relative risk, RR' is the adjusted relative risk and A is the adjustment multiplier).

For commentary on the sources, see Data sources page
For an appendix to this table citing more detailed information, please click on the Apppendix Link - Relative Risk assessments (pdf 0.7MB)

Click here to view Estimated relatative risks of diease by BMI category: overweight and obesity